How Megapixels relate to printing?

If you were to go back in time (around 1996), it was common to find some of the first consumer cameras took pictures with only 640 x 480 pixel resolution (that is 0.3 megapixels). If you printed this as a 3-inch x 4-inch print, it looked OK. If you blew it up to 8 x 10 it looked really bad. It pixelated too much.

The reason it looked so pixelated is because there were too few pixels per inch. 300 pixels per inch is considered to be good quality. Humans will tolerate down to about 150 pixels per inch, below that the human eye starts to see pixelation.

So a 640 x 480 image printed onto 4" x 3" paper has 160 pixels per inch and is OK. A 2" x 1.5" print would be great at 320 pixels per inch. A 12" x 9" print would have 53 pixels per inch and would look very pixelated. If you use 300 ppi as the rule of thumb, then you simply look at the resolution of your camera and do the division. For example:

3 megapixel = 2,000 x 1,500 pixels = 8" x 5" print
6 megapixel = 3,000 x 2,000 pixels = 10" x 7" print
12 megapixel = 4,000 x 3,000 pixels = 13" x 10" print

PS - don't forget, it's not just about meagapixels, lens build and quality is the most important factor!